U.S. Weather Research Program Hurricane Landfall Workshop Report

The U. S. Weather Research Program (USWRP) effort on hurricane landfall is focused on what the meteorological research community can contribute to a reduction in the nation's vulnerability to dangerous and costly impacts. Because of the growth in population (4.5% per year) and industry along the coast from Texas to Miami, the U. S. has become more vulnerable to tropical cyclones (TC). In coastal communities with limited escape routes, the emergency manager community must have accurate forecasts of coastal areas that will suffer damage, when the winds will exceed gale- force (35 kt) and heavy precipitation will arrive so that all disaster preparedness activities and evacuations can be completed safely. Another key forecast challenge is to predict the inner-core wind field (including maximum surface winds, or intensity) because the most intense hurricanes (categories 4 and 5)cause 80% of all damage. The inland flooding from the storm surge an heavy precipitation, localized regions of extreme wind damage, and severe local storms including tornadoes all depend on the inner-core wind field that is rapidly changing as the hurricane makes landfall

Assimilation of All-Weather GMI and ATMS Observations into HWRF

We propose a novel Bayesian Monte Carlo Integration (BMCI) technique to retrieve the profiles of temperature, water vapor, and cloud liquid/ice water content from microwave cloudy measurements in the presence of TCs. These retrievals then can either be directly used by meteorologists to analyze the structure of TCs or be assimilated to provide accurate initial conditions for the NWP models. The technique is applied to the data from the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) onboard Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI)

Assimilation of All-Weather GMI and ATMS Observations into HWRF

We propose a novel Bayesian Monte Carlo Integration (BMCI) technique to retrieve the profiles of temperature, water vapor, and cloud liquid/ice water content from microwave cloudy measurements in the presence of TCs. These retrievals then can either be directly used by meteorologists to analyze the structure of TCs or be assimilated to provide accurate initial conditions for the NWP models. The technique is applied to the data from the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) onboard Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI)

The origin and development of a tropical mesoscale cloud line

Thesis (Sc.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography, 1981.Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science.Vita.Bibliography: leaves 140-145.by Frank Decatur Marks, Jr.Sc.D

An estimation of turbulent characteristics in the low-level region of intense Hurricanes Allen (1980) and Hugo (1989)

Mon. Wea. Rev., 139, 1447-1462The article of record as published may be located at http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010MWR3435.

A Comparison of HWRF, ARW and NMM Models in Hurricane Katrina (2005) Simulation

The life cycle of Hurricane Katrina (2005) was simulated using three different modeling systems of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model. These are, HWRF (Hurricane WRF) designed specifically for hurricane studies and WRF model with two different dynamic cores as the Advanced Research WRF (ARW) model and the Non-hydrostatic Mesoscale Model (NMM). The WRF model was developed and sourced from National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), incorporating the advances in atmospheric simulation system suitable for a broad range of applications. The HWRF modeling system was developed at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) based on the NMM dynamic core and the physical parameterization schemes specially designed for tropics. A case study of Hurricane Katrina was chosen as it is one of the intense hurricanes that caused severe destruction along the Gulf Coast from central Florida to Texas. ARW, NMM and HWRF models were designed to have two-way interactive nested domains with 27 and 9 km resolutions. The three different models used in this study were integrated for three days starting from 0000 UTC of 27 August 2005 to capture the landfall of hurricane Katrina on 29 August. The initial and time varying lateral boundary conditions were taken from NCEP global FNL (final analysis) data available at 1 degree resolution for ARW and NMM models and from NCEP GFS data at 0.5 degree resolution for HWRF model. The results show that the models simulated the intensification of Hurricane Katrina and the landfall on 29 August 2005 agreeing with the observations. Results from these experiments highlight the superior performance of HWRF model over ARW and NMM models in predicting the track and intensification of Hurricane Katrina

Neutron Correlations in the Decay of the First Excited State of 11Li

The decay of unbound excited 11Li was measured after being populated by a two-proton removal from a 13B beam at 71 MeV/nucleon. Decay energy spectra and Jacobi plots were obtained from measurements of the momentum vectors of the 9Li fragment and neutrons. A resonance at an excitation energy of ∼1.2 MeV was observed. The kinematics of the decay are equally well fit by a simple dineutron-like model or a phase-space model that includes final state interactions. A sequential decay model can be excluded